Service & Tourism: Current Challenges Service & Tourism: Current Challenges Современные проблемы сервиса и туризма 1995-0411 2414-9063 19086 10.22412/1995-0411-2017-11-4-7-25 Локальное в глобальном: формула туризма LOCAL IN A GLOBAL: THE TOURISM FORM Локальное в глобальном: формула туризма THE CONCEPT OF «ECOLOGICAL TOURISM» IN THE WORLD AND RUSSIAN PRACTICE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND CASES КОНЦЕПТ «ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМА» В МИРОВОЙ И РОССИЙСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ: КОМПАРАТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И КЕЙСЫ Афанасьев Олег Евгеньевич Afanasev Oleg Evgen'evich olafn_dp@mail.ru

доктор географических наук;

doctor of geographical sciences;

 Афанасьева Александра Владиславовна Afanaseva Aleksandra Vladislavovna slimm_82@mail.ru

кандидат географических наук;

candidate of geographical sciences;

 Российский государственный университет туризма и сервиса Москва Россия Russian State University of Tourism and Service Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный университет туризма и сервиса Москва Россия Russian State University of Tourism and Service Moscow Russian Federation 11 4 7 26 https://spst-journal.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/19086/view

В статье объектом изучения выступает экотуризм с точки зрения экологической парадигмы, экологического императива и концепции природопользования. На основе методики компаративного анализа рассмотрен опыт исследований в сфере экотуризма в зарубежной научной практике. Отмечено, что одной из фундаментальных проблем экотуризма является широта и неоднозначность его трактовок и определений. Рассмотрены дискуссионные вопросы о присущей экотуризму деструктивной функции, обозначено проблема его мифологизации, «кризиса легитимности», формирования явления «экоколониализма». Ставится проблемный вопрос о дискуссионности определения экотуризма как вида туризма, обосновывается целесообразность его позиционирования в качестве организационной формы туристской индустрии. В рамках дискуссии о видовых составляющих и классификации экотуризма представлена авторская классификация видов экотуризма в зависимости от факторов мотивации туристов и их массовости. На этой основе выделено три форм-кластера экотуризма, включающих 16 его видов. Рассмотрена проблема интеграции экотуристских научных школ разных стран. В статье рассмотрены кейсы мирового опыта развития экотуризма и российских практик организации этой формы деятельности. Для Приволжского региона приведено описание принципов разработки маркетинговой стратегии развития экологического туризма. Этот регион определён как обладающий одним из наивысших потенциалов для развития экотуризма в стране, а его богатый положительный опыт развития данной формы туризма может быть взят за основу для её развития и в других регионах страны. Сделан вывод о необходимости и актуальности кардинального пересмотра всего видового состава и концептуального понимания явления экотуризма, которое должно стать парадигмой всей туристской сферы, основой для её дальнейшего роста и развития как в России, так и в мире в целом.

The article is focused on the ecotourism from the point of view of the ecological paradigm, the ecological imperative and the concept of natureuse. Based on the methodology of comparative analysis, the research experience in the field of ecotourism in foreign scientific practice is considered. It is noted that one of the fundamental problems of ecotourism is ambiguity and breadth of its interpretations and definitions. The authors consider controversial questions about the destructive function inherent in ecotourism, and outline the problem of its mythologization, the “crisis of legitimacy”, and the formation of the phenomenon of “eco-colonialism”. The article raises a problematic question about the discussion of the concept of ecotourism as kind of tourism, and substantiates the expediency of its positioning as an organizational form of the tourism industry. Within the framework of the discussion on components and the classification of ecotourism, the authors present their classification of ecotourism types depending on the motivation factors and quantity of tourists. On this basis, the authors distinguish three form-clusters of ecotourism, including 16 of its types. The problem of integration of ecotourism scientific schools of different countries is considered. The article considers the cases of the world experience of ecotourism and Russian practices of organization of this form of activity. The authors describe the principles for elaborating the ecological tourism marketing strategy of the Volga region. This region has huge potential for ecotourism development in the country, and its rich positive experience in this field can be taken as a basis for developing this kind of tourism activity in other regions of the country. The authors make conclusion about the necessity and urgency of a radical review of composition scheme and conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of ecotourism, which should become a paradigm of the whole tourism sphere, the basis for its further growth and development both in Russia and in the world.

 экотуризм экологическая парадигма в туризме экологический императив в туризме экоколониализм формы и виды экотуризма классификация экотуризма устойчивый туризм кейсы экотуризма в России. ecotourism ecological paradigm in tourism ecological imperative in tourism eco-colonialism forms and types of ecotourism ecotourism classification sustainable tourism cases of ecotourism in Russia.

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